Case 44: In the photo below, Wayfarers 1366, 938 and 7379 are reaching towards the gybe mark. Hans (938) has overtaken Doug (1366) and Fred (7379) from clear astern.
1. What rule limits the course of W938 in relation to both 1366 and 7379? How?
2.
What rule limits the course of both W1366 and W7379 in relation to 938? How?

Answer:
1. Having established his overlap from clear astern "within two of her hull lengths to leeward of" 1366 and 7379, W938 is required by rule 17.1 to "not sail above her proper course while they remain overlapped within that distance".
2. Rule 17.2 addresses windward boats in a situation like this: "Except on a beat to windward, while a boat is less than two of her hull lengths from a leeward boat or a boat clear astern steering a course to leeward of her, she shall not sail below her proper course unless she gybes."
NOTE: This is a good time to review the Proper Course definition:
"Proper Course A course a boat would sail to finish as soon as possible in the absence of the other boats referred to in the rule using the term. A boat has no proper course before her starting signal."

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